GMD cover
Executive editors: David Ham, Juan Antonio Añel, Astrid Kerkweg, Min-Hui Lo, Richard Neale, Rolf Sander & Paul Ullrich
eISSN: GMD 1991-9603, GMDD 1991-962X

Geoscientific Model Development (GMD) is a not-for-profit international scientific journal dedicated to the publication and public discussion of the description, development, and evaluation of numerical models of the Earth system and its components. The following manuscript types can be considered for peer-reviewed publication:

  • geoscientific model descriptions, from statistical models to box models to GCMs;
  • development and technical papers, describing developments such as new parameterizations or technical aspects of running models such as the reproducibility of results;
  • new methods for assessment of models, including work on developing new metrics for assessing model performance and novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • papers describing new standard experiments for assessing model performance or novel ways of comparing model results with observational data;
  • model experiment descriptions, including experimental details and project protocols;
  • full evaluations of previously published models.

More details can be found in manuscript types and the journal editorial (compiled by the executive editors).

"I believe that the time is ripe for significantly better documentation of programs, and that we can best achieve this by considering programs to be works of literature." (Donald E. Knuth, Literate Programming, 1984)
"Essentially, all models are wrong, but some are useful." (George E. P. Box, Robustness in the strategy of scientific model building, 1979)

Journal metrics

GMD is indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, etc. We refrain from displaying the journal metrics prominently on the landing page since citation metrics used in isolation do not describe importance, impact, or quality of a journal. However, these metrics can be found on the journal metrics page.

Highlight articles

05 Sep 2025
flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions
Benjamin M. Sanderson, Victor Brovkin, Rosie A. Fisher, David Hohn, Tatiana Ilyina, Chris D. Jones, Torben Koenigk, Charles Koven, Hongmei Li, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Spencer Liddicoat, Andrew H. MacDougall, Nadine Mengis, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O'Rourke, Anastasia Romanou, Marit Sandstad, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Lori T. Sentman, Isla R. Simpson, Chris Smith, Norman J. Steinert, Abigail L. S. Swann, Jerry Tjiputra, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5699–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
27 Aug 2025
GPTCast: a weather language model for precipitation nowcasting
Gabriele Franch, Elena Tomasi, Rishabh Wanjari, Virginia Poli, Chiara Cardinali, Pier Paolo Alberoni, and Marco Cristoforetti
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5351–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5351-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5351-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
01 Aug 2025
A Bayesian framework for inferring regional and global change from stratigraphic proxy records (StratMC v1.0)
Stacey Edmonsond and Blake Dyer
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4759–4788, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4759-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4759-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
25 Jul 2025
asQ: parallel-in-time finite element simulations using ParaDiag for geoscientific models and beyond
Joshua Hope-Collins, Abdalaziz Hamdan, Werner Bauer, Lawrence Mitchell, and Colin Cotter
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 4535–4569, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4535-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-4535-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
09 Dec 2024
Evaluating downscaled products with expected hydroclimatic co-variances
Seung H. Baek, Paul A. Ullrich, Bo Dong, and Jiwoo Lee
Geosci. Model Dev., 17, 8665–8681, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8665-2024,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8665-2024, 2024
Short summary Executive editor

Recent papers

05 Sep 2025
| Highlight paper
flat10MIP: an emissions-driven experiment to diagnose the climate response to positive, zero and negative CO2 emissions
Benjamin M. Sanderson, Victor Brovkin, Rosie A. Fisher, David Hohn, Tatiana Ilyina, Chris D. Jones, Torben Koenigk, Charles Koven, Hongmei Li, David M. Lawrence, Peter Lawrence, Spencer Liddicoat, Andrew H. MacDougall, Nadine Mengis, Zebedee Nicholls, Eleanor O'Rourke, Anastasia Romanou, Marit Sandstad, Jörg Schwinger, Roland Séférian, Lori T. Sentman, Isla R. Simpson, Chris Smith, Norman J. Steinert, Abigail L. S. Swann, Jerry Tjiputra, and Tilo Ziehn
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5699–5724, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5699-2025, 2025
Short summary Executive editor
05 Sep 2025
PALM-SLUrb v24.04: a single-layer urban canopy model for the PALM model system – model description and first evaluation
Sasu Karttunen, Matthias Sühring, Ewan O'Connor, and Leena Järvi
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5725–5757, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5725-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5725-2025, 2025
Short summary
05 Sep 2025
Features of mid- and high-latitude low-level clouds and their relation to strong aerosol effects in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 2 (E3SMv2)
Hui Wan, Abhishek Yenpure, Berk Geveci, Richard C. Easter, Philip J. Rasch, Kai Zhang, and Xubin Zeng
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5655–5680, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5655-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5655-2025, 2025
Short summary
05 Sep 2025
SWAT+MODFLOW: a new hydrologic model for simulating surface-subsurface flow in managed watersheds
Ryan T. Bailey, Salam Abbas, Jeffrey G. Arnold, and Michael J. White
Geosci. Model Dev., 18, 5681–5697, https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5681-2025,https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-18-5681-2025, 2025
Short summary
05 Sep 2025
Evaluation of atmospheric sulfur dioxide simulated with the EMAC (version 2.55) Chemistry-Climate Model using satellite and ground-based observations
Ismail Makroum, Patrick Jöckel, Martin Dameris, Nicolas Theys, and Johannes De Leeuw
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3915,https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3915, 2025
Preprint under review for GMD (discussion: open, 0 comments)
Short summary

News

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

13 Mar 2025 New agreement between California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications

We are delighted to announce a new agreement between the California Digital Library and Copernicus Publications. The University of California will cover 50% of article processing charges (APCs) for manuscripts affiliated with any of their research units. Read more.

10 Feb 2025 Thank you to all our referees in 2024!

A big thank you to all referees for their volunteer work in providing fair, thorough, and constructive peer-review reports! Through their invaluable contribution our interactive open-access journals maintain their high scientific standards and their ongoing success.

10 Feb 2025 Thank you to all our referees in 2024!

A big thank you to all referees for their volunteer work in providing fair, thorough, and constructive peer-review reports! Through their invaluable contribution our interactive open-access journals maintain their high scientific standards and their ongoing success.

05 Feb 2025 Copernicus Publications and all journals left Twitter

The Copernicus Twitter account as well as all Twitter accounts of journals published by us have been deactivated. There will be no automatic feeds of newly posted preprints or published journal articles anymore, we do not actively tweet, and the status informs that the accounts are no longer maintained. Twitter is no longer linked from the journal websites or in the share section of the preprint or journal article HTML pages.

05 Feb 2025 Copernicus Publications and all journals left Twitter

The Copernicus Twitter account as well as all Twitter accounts of journals published by us have been deactivated. There will be no automatic feeds of newly posted preprints or published journal articles anymore, we do not actively tweet, and the status informs that the accounts are no longer maintained. Twitter is no longer linked from the journal websites or in the share section of the preprint or journal article HTML pages.

Notice on the current situation in Ukraine

To show our support for Ukraine, all fees for papers from authors (first or corresponding authors) affiliated to Ukrainian institutions are automatically waived, regardless if these papers are co-authored by scientists affiliated to Russian and/or Belarusian institutions. The only exception will be if the corresponding author or first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) are from a Russian and/or Belarusian institution, in that case the APCs are not waived.

In accordance with current European restrictions, Copernicus Publications does not step into business relations with and issue APC-invoices (articles processing charges) to Russian and Belarusian institutions. The peer-review process and scientific exchange of our journals including preprint posting is not affected. However, these restrictions require that the first contact (contractual partner of Copernicus) has an affiliation and invoice address outside Russia or Belarus.